The unit specialises in the serological diagnosis of infectious animal diseases of viral, bacterial, and parasitic origin. It supports health surveillance for various diseases affecting livestock and companion animals, some of which are transmissible to humans. Examples include Bluetongue, Equine Infectious Anaemia, Brucellosis, and Leishmaniasis

The unit performs tuberculosis diagnosis through gamma interferon quantification and, as part of active surveillance for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), carries out rapid testing for the detection of the pathogenic prion. It collaborates with national and international bodies for the control and validation of diagnostic kits, ensuring the adoption of cutting-edge methods that comply with current regulations. It organises interlaboratory proficiency testing schemes and participates in European testing circuits to improve diagnostic quality. Personnel provide consultancy to veterinary services and the Ministry of Health and are actively involved in the eradication plans for Brucellosis and Tuberculosis.

The unit is also engaged in national and international research and twinning projects, with particular focus on the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Research activities include advanced studies in applied immunology, focusing on the analysis of immune responses in animal models and in vitro systems, in order to gather information on host–pathogen interactions, identify biomarkers, and develop diagnostic protocols for early detection of infections and evaluation of vaccine efficacy.

Another area of research is proteomics, with the analysis of the protein profile of pathogens and biological samples from infected animal species, aimed at identifying virulence factors, novel diagnostic or vaccine targets. The proteomic approach makes it possible to detect variations in protein expression patterns in response to infections, treatments or vaccinations, providing crucial insights for the development of more sensitive and specific tests.

These research activities contribute to diagnostic innovation and to a better understanding of the immunopathogenetic mechanisms of infectious diseases, thus improving strategies for disease prevention and health control. The unit also provides a platform for haematobiochemical analyses using advanced instrumentation which, together with laboratory procedures for the serological diagnosis of infectious diseases, offers diagnostic support to freelance veterinarians.