Summary
Twenty-four
poultry farms in four major provinces of the Lebanon were investigated
to verify the first emergence of avian influenza (AI). Both the
meat chicken breeders and commercial chicken layers presented a
significant average drop in egg production equivalent to 46% and
47.3%, respectively. However, the average drop in egg production
in the free-range layers was only 11.1%. Flocks were confirmed as
positive for AI by ELISA, clinical signs and pathological lesions.
The pathogenicity, including case fatality in affected chickens,
was different depending of the types of chicken and farming conditions.
The average fatality rates among breeders, commercial layers, free-range
layers and broilers were 2%, 2%, 1% and 35%, respectively. The majority
of the randomly selected ELISA-positive serum samples collected
from different farms showed H9-specific haemagglutination inhibition
(HI) antibodies. The direct immunoflorescent antibody test also
revealed the presence of H9 antigen in congested brains and in tracheal
lesions of broilers. The virus isolated from the brains of broilers
was subtype H9N2. Pigs fed with carcasses of affected chickens showed
H9-specific HI antibodies at 100%. Farmers (32.3%) serving the affected
chickens also revealed these antibodies in their sera.
Keywords
Avian
influenza, Chickens, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, H9N2, Haemagglutination
inhibition, Humans, Lebanon, Pigs, Viruses. |