Summary
The author outlines the design of road vehicles for
the long distance transport of livestock, mainly cattle, which are
used in the tropical and sub-Mediterranean climatic regions of Australia
and which have been engineered to meet animal welfare principles.
Over 50% of journeys exceed 500 km. Journeys of 2 000
to 3 000 km do occur and involve the resting of animals
once or twice during the journey. Specialised vehicles, known as
'road trains', are employed and these consist of multiple trailers
with multi-deck containers or stock crates for animals, which are
hauled by a prime mover or tractor. The starting point for design
is safety for both people and animals and the need to preserve transport
infrastructure such as roads and bridges. The move to volume livestock
loading, where livestock are loaded according to the volume they
occupy rather than their weight, was a major early breakthrough.
Details are given of the design of vehicles and loading facilities.
Vehicle design includes suspensions and the floors, interior walls,
doors, partitions and penning, deck supports and arrangements for
through loading of stock crates. Loading and unloading ramps can
be a major source of stress and standardised heights have been adopted
in Australia.
Keywords
Animal, Australia, Cattle, Engineering, Livestock,
Road, Transport, Welfare.
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