Summary
Eight
individual and blended chemical disinfectants were screened for preliminary
evaluation of safety, bactericidal and virucidal effectiveness against
poultry and dairy organisms. The test organisms were Escherichia
coli, Salmonella Enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus,
Streptococcus spp. and Clostridium perfringens, in addition
to avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV).
Viable counts of surviving bacteria were determined after 30 min
contact with each disinfectant and in the presence or absence of skimmed
milk, to simulate the interference of organic matter. The haemagglutination
test was used to assess the survival of the test viruses in the presence
of the different disinfectants after propagation in 10-day-old chick
embryos. In the presence of skimmed milk, a higher concentration of
most of the disinfectants examined was required to exert antimicrobial
effectiveness. When used individually, quaternary ammonium showed
no virucidal activity against NDV and AIV; peracetic acid was not
effective against Streptococcus spp., S. Enteritidis
and NDV, while iodophors showed low bactericidal and inconsistent
virucidal activity. The single and blended disinfectants with high
microbicidal activities included phenols (high bactericidal and virucidal
activity), blends of quaternary ammonium compounds (high bactericidal
activity) and blends of cresols and organic acids (high virucidal
activity). This suggests the use of blends of compatible compounds
for disinfection operations in poultry and dairy industries since
they will target a wider range of micro-organisms. None of the disinfectants
had a negative effect on the development of the different organs of
chicken embryos and the iodine-based disinfectant, developed for dairy-teat
dipping, also showed no adverse reactions in experimental cows.
Keywords
Bactericide,
Dairy, Disinfectant, Poultry, Safety, Virucide.
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